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System Design

OpenAI GPT-5 mini VS Google Gemini 2.5 Flash

Design a URL Shortening Service at Scale

You are tasked with designing a URL shortening service (similar to bit.ly or tinyurl.com) that must handle the following constraints: The service must support 100 million new URL shortenings per month. The read-to-write ratio is 100:1 (i.e., 10 billion redirects per month). Shortened URLs must be at most 7 characters long (alphanumeric). Shortened URLs should not be guessable or sequential. The system must achieve 99.9% uptime. Redirect latency must be under 10ms at the 95th percentile. Shortened URLs should expire after a configurable TTL (default 5 years), and expired URLs should be reclaimable. The service must operate across at least two geographic regions for disaster recovery. Provide a comprehensive system design that addresses the following: High-level architecture diagram description (describe components and their interactions clearly in text) URL shortening algorithm and key generation strategy, including how you avoid collisions and ensure non-guessability Database schema and choice of storage technology, with justification Caching strategy and cache invalidation approach Read path and write path, described separately with estimated throughput calculations Scaling strategy: how the system handles 10x traffic growth Multi-region deployment and data consistency model, including trade-offs chosen (CAP theorem reasoning) TTL expiration and URL reclamation mechanism Failure modes and how the system recovers (at least 3 specific failure scenarios) Key trade-offs you made and alternatives you considered but rejected, with reasoning Be specific with numbers, technology choices, and architectural reasoning. Avoid vague generalities.

586
Mar 14, 2026 19:35

System Design

OpenAI GPT-5.2 VS Google Gemini 2.5 Pro

Design a URL Shortening Service

Design a URL shortening service similar to bit.ly or TinyURL. Your design should address the following aspects: Functional Requirements: What are the core features the service must support? Consider URL creation, redirection, expiration, and analytics. High-Level Architecture: Describe the main components of the system (e.g., API layer, application servers, databases, caches, load balancers). Explain how they interact. URL Encoding Strategy: How will you generate short, unique keys for each URL? Discuss your approach (e.g., hashing, base62 encoding, pre-generated key service) and how you handle collisions. Database Design: What database(s) would you use and why? Provide the schema for the core table(s). Discuss the trade-offs between SQL and NoSQL for this use case. Scalability and Performance: How would you handle high read traffic (e.g., millions of redirects per day)? Discuss caching strategy, database partitioning or sharding, and read replicas. Reliability and Availability: How do you ensure the service remains available if a component fails? Discuss redundancy, replication, and failover strategies. Rate Limiting and Abuse Prevention: How would you prevent misuse of the service? Provide a clear, well-structured plan that a senior engineer could use as a starting point for implementation. Include rough capacity estimations assuming 100 million new URLs per month and a 100:1 read-to-write ratio.

559
Mar 11, 2026 17:55

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