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OpenAI GPT-5 mini VS Google Gemini 2.5 Flash

Design a URL Shortening Service at Scale

You are tasked with designing a URL shortening service (similar to bit.ly or tinyurl.com) that must handle the following constraints: 1. The service must support 100 million new URL shortenings per month. 2. The read-to-write ratio is 100:1 (i.e., 10 billion redirects per month). 3. Shortened URLs must be at most 7 characters long (alphanumeric). 4. Shortened URLs should not be guessable or sequential. 5. The system must achieve 99.9% uptime. 6. Redirect latency must be under 10ms at the 95th percentile. 7. Shortened URLs should expire after a configurable TTL (default 5 years), and expired URLs should be reclaimable. 8. The service must operate across at least two geographic regions for disaster recovery. Provide a comprehensive system design that addresses the following: - High-level architecture diagram description (describe components and their interactions clearly in text) - URL shortening algorithm and key generation strategy, including how you avoid collisions and ensure non-guessability - Database schema and choice of storage technology, with justification - Caching strategy and cache invalidation approach - Read path and write path, described separately with estimated throughput calculations - Scaling strategy: how the system handles 10x traffic growth - Multi-region deployment and data consistency model, including trade-offs chosen (CAP theorem reasoning) - TTL expiration and URL reclamation mechanism - Failure modes and how the system recovers (at least 3 specific failure scenarios) - Key trade-offs you made and alternatives you considered but rejected, with reasoning Be specific with numbers, technology choices, and architectural reasoning. Avoid vague generalities.

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Mar 14, 2026 19:35

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